Which of the following water borne diseases is of viral origin?
Solution:
Polio is a viral disease that can be transmitted through contaminated water.
How much percentage (%) of the Earth's Surface is covered with water?
Solution:
Approximately 70% of the Earth's surface is covered with water.
Which type of bond is formed between H₂O molecules?
Solution:
Water molecules are held together by hydrogen bonds.
The permanent hardness of water is due to presence of:
Solution:
Permanent hardness is caused by sulfates and chlorides of calcium and magnesium, such as MgSO₄.
How much fresh water is present on Earth?
Solution:
Only about 3% of Earth's water is fresh water.
Which salts are excessively dissolved to make temporary hard water?
Solution:
Temporary hardness is caused by bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium.
Water is a:
Solution:
Water is known as a polar solvent due to its ability to dissolve many substances.
The taste of water is:
Solution:
Pure water is essentially tasteless.
Which of the following is helpful for removal of permanent hardness?
Solution:
Sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) is used to remove permanent hardness in water.
Which of the following is a major source of freshwater?
Solution:
Rivers are a major source of freshwater.
What is the chemical formula of water?
Solution:
The chemical formula for water is H₂O.
Why is water known as the universal solvent?
Solution:
Water is known as the universal solvent because it can dissolve a wide variety of substances.
At what temperature does water have its maximum density?
Solution:
Water reaches its maximum density at 4°C.
What is the boiling point of water?
Solution:
The boiling point of water is 100°C at sea level.
What is soft water?
Solution:
Soft water contains fewer soluble salts, particularly calcium and magnesium ions.
What causes temporary hardness in water?
Solution:
Temporary hardness is caused by bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium.
Which salts cause permanent hardness in water?
Solution:
Permanent hardness is caused by sulfates and chlorides of calcium and magnesium.
What are waterborne diseases caused by?
Solution:
Waterborne diseases are caused by contaminated water containing harmful microorganisms.
Which of the following are waterborne diseases?
Solution:
Diarrhea and cholera are common waterborne diseases.
Which of the following best describes the physical properties of pure water?
Solution:
Pure water is colorless, odorless, and tasteless.
What is the freezing point of water at sea level?
Solution:
The freezing point of water at sea level is 0°C.
What is the boiling point of water at sea level?
Solution:
The boiling point of water at sea level is 100°C.
Which compound is most likely not to dissolve in water?
Solution:
Benzene is a nonpolar compound and does not dissolve well in water.
Which feature of water helps regulate Earth’s temperature?
Solution:
Water's high heat capacity helps regulate Earth's temperature by absorbing and releasing heat slowly.
What is the maximum number of hydrogen bonds a water molecule can form with other water molecules?
Solution:
A water molecule can form a maximum of four hydrogen bonds with other water molecules.
What is the main difference between soft water and hard water?
Solution:
Soft water forms lather easily with soap, whereas hard water does not due to the presence of minerals.
How can temporary hardness of water be removed?
Solution:
Temporary hardness can be removed by boiling the water, which precipitates the bicarbonate ions.
Which method uses slaked lime (Ca(OH)₂) to soften water?
Solution:
Clark's method uses slaked lime (Ca(OH)₂) to soften water by precipitating the hardness-causing ions.
What is used to remove permanent hardness of water?
Solution:
Washing soda (sodium carbonate) is used to remove permanent hardness by precipitating calcium and magnesium ions.
What is the main cause of Eutrophication in water bodies?
Solution:
Eutrophication is primarily caused by excess nutrients, particularly phosphates from detergents and fertilizers, leading to dense plant growth and subsequent ecosystem disruption.
Which of the following is a health effect of drinking polluted water?
Solution:
Cholera is a health effect that can result from drinking polluted water contaminated with certain bacteria.
Which microorganism causes Cryptosporidiosis?
Solution:
Cryptosporidiosis is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Cryptosporidium.
Fluorosis is caused by excessive intake of which substance?
Solution:
Fluorosis is caused by excessive intake of fluoride, often from drinking water.
Which of the following diseases is spread through water contaminated with human feces?
Solution:
Cholera is a disease that can be spread through water contaminated with human feces.
Which viruses that cause liver inflammation can be spread by polluted water?
Solution:
Hepatitis A and E are viruses that cause liver inflammation and can be spread by polluted water.
What are the symptoms of dysentery?
Solution:
Dysentery is characterized by severe diarrhea that may contain blood or mucus.
Typhoid is caused by:
Solution:
Typhoid fever is caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi.