Discoveries

Sir Isaac Newton formulated the law of universal gravitation in 1687, explaining the force that governs the motion of planets and objects on Earth.

Marie Curie discovered radium and polonium in 1898 while studying radioactive materials.

Henri Becquerel discovered radioactivity in 1896 while studying uranium salts.

J.J. Thomson discovered the electron in 1897 through experiments with cathode rays.

Wilhelm Roentgen discovered X-rays in 1895 while experimenting with cathode ray tubes.

James Chadwick discovered the neutron in 1932, confirming its existence as a subatomic particle.

Archimedes discovered the principle of buoyancy, often called Archimedes' Principle, around 250 BCE.

Dmitri Mendeleev created the first periodic table in 1869, organizing elements by atomic weight and properties.

Gregor Mendel discovered the laws of inheritance through his experiments with pea plants in the 1860s.

Heinrich Hertz discovered radio waves in 1887, confirming James Clerk Maxwell's electromagnetic theory.

William Harvey discovered the circulation of blood in 1628, describing how blood flows through the heart and body.

Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928, revolutionizing the field of antibiotics.

Frederick Banting discovered insulin in 1921, leading to a breakthrough in diabetes treatment.

Ernest Rutherford discovered the atomic nucleus in 1911 through the gold foil experiment.

James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the double helix structure of DNA in 1953, with contributions from Rosalind Franklin.

Edward Jenner developed the smallpox vaccine in 1796, marking the beginning of vaccinology.

Louis Pasteur discovered pasteurization in 1864, a process to kill bacteria in food and drinks.

Ernest Rutherford identified the proton as a subatomic particle in 1917.

Max Planck introduced quantum theory in 1900, explaining energy quantization.

Isaac Newton formulated the three laws of motion in 1687, foundational to classical mechanics.

Joseph Priestley discovered oxygen in 1774, identifying it as a distinct gas.

Henry Cavendish discovered hydrogen in 1766, recognizing it as a separate element.

Joseph Black discovered carbon dioxide in the 1750s, identifying it as a distinct gas.

Alessandro Volta invented the electric battery in 1800, enabling the study of electric current.

Michael Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction in 1831, leading to the development of electric generators.

John Dalton proposed modern atomic theory in 1803, describing atoms as the fundamental building blocks of matter.

Joseph Lister pioneered antiseptic surgery in the 1860s, significantly reducing post-surgical infections.

Niels Bohr proposed the electron shell model in 1913, explaining atomic structure and electron orbits.

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek discovered bacteria in the 1670s using his self-made microscopes.

Robert Hooke observed cells in cork under a microscope in 1665 and coined the term 'cell'.

Johann Wilhelm Ritter discovered ultraviolet rays in 1801 while studying the solar spectrum.

Christian Friedrich Schönbein discovered ozone in 1840, identifying its distinct smell and properties.

Robert Koch discovered the cholera bacteria in 1883, advancing the field of bacteriology.

Dmitri Ivanovsky discovered viruses in 1892 while studying tobacco mosaic disease.

Alessandro Volta invented the electric battery in 1800, enabling sustained electric current.

Antoine Lavoisier formulated the law of conservation of mass in 1789, a cornerstone of chemistry.

William Crookes discovered cathode rays in the 1870s, leading to the discovery of the electron.

Albert Einstein explained the photoelectric effect in 1905, contributing to quantum theory.

Johannes Kepler formulated the laws of planetary motion in the early 17th century, describing orbital mechanics.

Galileo Galilei improved the telescope in 1609, enabling groundbreaking astronomical observations.

Hippolyte Fizeau measured the speed of light in 1849 using a rotating mirror experiment.

Michael Faraday invented the dynamo in 1831, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy.

James Prescott Joule contributed to the discovery of thermodynamics laws in the 19th century, particularly the first law.

Georg Simon Ohm discovered the law of electric resistance in 1827, known as Ohm's Law.

Hans Christian Ørsted discovered the link between magnetism and electricity in 1820.

Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876, revolutionizing communication.

Guglielmo Marconi developed wireless telegraphy in the 1890s, enabling long-distance radio communication.

James Watson and Francis Crick proposed the double helix model of DNA in 1953.

Isaac Newton discovered the light spectrum using a prism in 1666, demonstrating that white light is composed of colors.

Irène and Frédéric Joliot-Curie discovered artificial radioactivity in 1934, creating radioactive isotopes.